Модални глаголи: обобщение (Modals review)
Урокът обобщава модалните глаголи. Must изразява задължение или силно заключение (He must be at home), а don't have to липса на задължение. Should дава съвет, can и could изразяват способност и молба. Might и may означават възможност. С модален глагол + have + трето причастие говорим за миналото: must have (сигурен съм, че е станало), can't have (невъзможно е да е станало), should have (критика, съжаление), needn't have (направено, но не е било нужно), might have (възможно е).
Какво да запомним
- must = задължение / сигурно заключение; mustn't = забрана
- don't have to = не е нужно (No obligation)
- should = съвет; could = молба и способност в миналото
- Минало: must have / can't have / might have + V3
- should have done = трябваше да; needn't have done = не беше нужно, но го направих
Пример
She can't have taken the 8 o'clock train. It was cancelled. (Невъзможно е да е хванала влака в 8, защото е бил отменен.)
Проверете се: 15 въпроса
Натиснете въпроса, за да видите верния отговор и обяснението.
You ___ wear a seatbelt in a car. It's the law.
- might
- must
- could
- needn't
Отговор: must
Must изразява задължение.
You ___ bring food. There's plenty here.
- mustn't
- can't
- don't have to
- shouldn't
Отговор: don't have to
Don't have to означава 'не е нужно'.
He ___ be at home. His car is outside and the lights are on.
- must
- can't
- mustn't
- shouldn't
Отговор: must
Must изразява логичен извод със сигурност.
She ___ have taken the 8 o'clock train. It was cancelled.
- must
- should
- can't
- might
Отговор: can't
Can't have done: сигурни сме, че не се е случило.
You ___ have told me about the sale! I bought it at full price yesterday.
- should
- must
- needn't
- mustn't
Отговор: should
Should have done изразява упрек или съжаление за минало действие.
___ I use your phone, please?
- Must
- Should
- Could
- Need
Отговор: Could
Could I...? е учтива молба за разрешение.
You look tired. You ___ go to bed earlier.
- should
- mustn't
- couldn't
- needn't
Отговор: should
Should дава съвет.
When I was five, I ___ swim.
- can
- must
- could
- should
Отговор: could
Could е минало време на can за способност.
We ___ have bought so much food. Half of it was left.
- needn't
- mustn't
- can't
- couldn't
Отговор: needn't
Needn't have done: направихме нещо, което не е било нужно.
'It's possible that she forgot the meeting.' = 'She ___ the meeting.'
- must have forgotten
- might have forgotten
- can't have forgotten
- should have forgotten
Отговор: might have forgotten
Might have done изразява възможност в миналото.
You ___ smoke in the hospital. It's forbidden.
- mustn't
- don't have to
- needn't
- could
Отговор: mustn't
Mustn't изразява забрана.
It ___ rain later, so take an umbrella.
- mustn't
- can't
- needn't
- might
Отговор: might
Might изразява възможност.
You ___ to see a doctor about that cough.
- should
- must
- can
- ought
Отговор: ought
Ought to дава съвет, както should, но с to.
After the course, I ___ speak French well.
- can
- could
- will be able to
- am able
Отговор: will be able to
Can няма бъдеще време, затова ползваме will be able to.
I'm not sure, but I ___ left my phone in the car.
- must have
- can't have
- may have
- should have
Отговор: may have
May have изразява несигурно предположение за миналото.