Икономика и потребление

Пари и финанси

1. Money that you keep for the future is your ___.

   • debts
   • savings
   • bills
   • loans

   Отговор: savings

   Savings са спестявания.

2. Money you get every month for your job is your ___.

   • pocket money
   • change
   • coin
   • salary

   Отговор: salary

   Salary е заплата.

3. The piece of paper from a shop that shows what you paid is a ___.

   • recipe
   • menu
   • receipt
   • label

   Отговор: receipt

   Receipt е касова бележка. Recipe е рецепта.

4. Money that you borrow from a bank is a ___.

   • salary
   • tip
   • refund
   • loan

   Отговор: loan

   Loan е заем, който трябва да се върне.

5. The extra money you pay a bank for borrowing is called ___.

   • interest
   • income
   • profit
   • budget

   Отговор: interest

   Interest е лихва.

6. Money that people must pay to the state from their income is ___.

   • tax
   • tip
   • change
   • discount

   Отговор: tax

   Tax е данък.

7. The money you get back when you return something to a shop is a ___.

   • refund
   • reward
   • fee
   • tax

   Отговор: refund

   Refund означава възстановена сума.

8. A plan of how much money you will earn and spend is a/an ___.

   • receipt
   • invoice
   • budget
   • wallet

   Отговор: budget

   Budget е бюджет, план за приходи и разходи.

9. A card that takes money directly from your own bank account is a ___ card.

   • credit
   • loyalty
   • gift
   • debit

   Отговор: debit

   Debit card харчи твоите пари, а с credit card взимаш пари назаем.

10. Complete: 'I'm ___ for a new laptop, so I don't go out much.'

    • paying off
    • giving away
    • saving up
    • running out

    Отговор: saving up

    Save up for something означава да спестяваш за нещо.

11. 'I can't afford a new car.' This means ___.

    • I don't want it
    • I've already bought it
    • the car is free
    • I don't have enough money for it

    Отговор: I don't have enough money for it

    Can't afford означава 'не мога да си позволя'.

12. If you are 'in debt', you ___.

    • have a lot of savings
    • owe money to someone
    • work in a bank
    • have just been paid

    Отговор: owe money to someone

    In debt означава да дължиш пари.

13. A general rise in prices over time is called ___.

    • recession
    • deflation
    • taxation
    • inflation

    Отговор: inflation

    Inflation е инфлация: цените като цяло растат и парите губят стойност.

14. A period when a country's economy shrinks and unemployment rises is a/an ___.

    • boom
    • recession
    • surplus
    • investment

    Отговор: recession

    Recession е икономически спад.

15. Complete: 'Prices have gone up, so we need to ___ our spending.'

    • put up with
    • come across
    • take after
    • cut back on

    Отговор: cut back on

    Cut back on означава да намалиш нещо.

Модални глаголи

1. You ___ wear a seatbelt in a car. It's the law.

   • might
   • must
   • could
   • needn't

   Отговор: must

   Must изразява задължение.

2. ___ I use your phone, please?

   • Must
   • Should
   • Could
   • Need

   Отговор: Could

   Could I...? е учтива молба за разрешение.

3. You ___ smoke in the hospital. It's forbidden.

   • don't have to
   • mustn't
   • needn't
   • might

   Отговор: mustn't

   Mustn't изразява забрана. Don't have to значи, че няма нужда.

4. You ___ bring food. There's plenty here.

   • mustn't
   • can't
   • don't have to
   • shouldn't

   Отговор: don't have to

   Don't have to означава 'не е нужно'.

5. You look tired. You ___ go to bed earlier.

   • should
   • mustn't
   • couldn't
   • needn't

   Отговор: should

   Should дава съвет.

6. Take an umbrella. It ___ rain later.

   • must
   • mustn't
   • might
   • has to

   Отговор: might

   Might изразява възможност.

7. He ___ be at home. His car is outside and the lights are on.

   • must
   • can't
   • mustn't
   • shouldn't

   Отговор: must

   Must изразява логичен извод със сигурност.

8. When I was five, I ___ swim.

   • can
   • must
   • could
   • should

   Отговор: could

   Could е минало време на can за способност.

9. I ___ finish the report yesterday, so I stayed late.

   • had to
   • must
   • have to
   • should

   Отговор: had to

   Миналото на must (задължение) е had to.

10. She ___ have taken the 8 o'clock train. It was cancelled.

    • must
    • should
    • can't
    • might

    Отговор: can't

    Can't have done: сигурни сме, че не се е случило.

11. We ___ have bought so much food. Half of it was left.

    • needn't
    • mustn't
    • can't
    • couldn't

    Отговор: needn't

    Needn't have done: направихме нещо, което не е било нужно.

12. The water was cold, but he ___ swim across the river.

    • can
    • was able to
    • could have
    • is able

    Отговор: was able to

    За едно конкретно успешно действие в миналото използваме was able to (managed to).

13. You ___ have told me about the sale! I bought it at full price yesterday.

    • should
    • must
    • needn't
    • mustn't

    Отговор: should

    Should have done изразява упрек или съжаление за минало действие.

14. 'It's possible that she forgot the meeting.' = 'She ___ the meeting.'

    • must have forgotten
    • might have forgotten
    • can't have forgotten
    • should have forgotten

    Отговор: might have forgotten

    Might have done изразява възможност в миналото.

15. You ___ to apologise to her. You were very rude.

    • should
    • must
    • had better
    • ought

    Отговор: ought

    Само ought се следва от to. Should, must и had better се ползват без to.

Реклама и потребление

1. A short film on TV or online that tries to sell a product is an ___.

   • article
   • advert
   • episode
   • interview

   Отговор: advert

   Advert (advertisement) е реклама.

2. A well-known name of a company's products is a ___.

   • branch
   • bond
   • band
   • brand

   Отговор: brand

   Brand е марка.

3. A lower price than usual is a ___.

   • discount
   • receipt
   • profit
   • refund

   Отговор: discount

   Discount е намаление на цената.

4. A short, memorable phrase used in advertising is a ___.

   • recipe
   • receipt
   • chapter
   • slogan

   Отговор: slogan

   Slogan е кратка, запомняща се фраза.

5. Advertising on websites and social media is ___ advertising.

   • offline
   • online
   • outdoor
   • printed

   Отговор: online

   Online advertising е реклама в интернет.

6. A period when shops sell things at lower prices is a ___.

   • salary
   • sail
   • sale
   • sell

   Отговор: sale

   Sale е разпродажба. Sell е глагол.

7. People who buy goods and services are ___.

   • producers
   • consumers
   • suppliers
   • manufacturers

   Отговор: consumers

   Consumers са потребителите.

8. A person who is paid to promote products on social media is an ___.

   • inspector
   • investor
   • instructor
   • influencer

   Отговор: influencer

   Influencer е човек с влияние в социалните мрежи.

9. A large board by the road with an advert on it is a ___.

   • keyboard
   • cupboard
   • billboard
   • dashboard

   Отговор: billboard

   Billboard е билборд.

10. When a famous person publicly promotes a product, this is ___.

    • a refund
    • a bargain
    • a complaint
    • an endorsement

    Отговор: an endorsement

    Celebrity endorsement е реклама чрез известна личност.

11. Buying things suddenly, without planning, is ___ buying.

    • impulse
    • bulk
    • second-hand
    • ethical

    Отговор: impulse

    Impulse buying е импулсивно пазаруване.

12. Buying more and more things than you really need is called ___.

    • consumerism
    • minimalism
    • recycling
    • sharing

    Отговор: consumerism

    Consumerism е консуматорство.

13. 'Buy now, while stocks last!' This advertising technique creates a sense of ___.

    • urgency
    • guilt
    • humour
    • nostalgia

    Отговор: urgency

    Фразата кара хората да бързат, т.е. създава усещане за спешност.

14. Which best describes 'fast fashion'?

    • expensive designer clothes
    • clothes for runners
    • cheap clothes produced quickly to follow trends
    • handmade traditional clothes

    Отговор: cheap clothes produced quickly to follow trends

    Fast fashion са евтини дрехи, произвеждани бързо по последните тенденции.

15. An advert designed to look like a normal article or post is called ___ advertising.

    • outdoor
    • direct
    • classified
    • native

    Отговор: native

    Native advertising се слива със съдържанието на сайта или мрежата.

Предприемачество

1. A person who starts their own business is an ___.

   • employee
   • engineer
   • entrepreneur
   • economist

   Отговор: entrepreneur

   Entrepreneur е предприемач.

2. The people who buy from a shop are its ___.

   • owners
   • staff
   • managers
   • customers

   Отговор: customers

   Customers са клиенти.

3. The person who is in charge of other workers is the ___.

   • client
   • boss
   • guest
   • rival

   Отговор: boss

   Boss е началникът.

4. A new, small company, often in technology, is a ___.

   • take-off
   • set-back
   • break-up
   • start-up

   Отговор: start-up

   Start-up е новосъздадена фирма.

5. Complete: 'Our company ___ 50 people.' (gives jobs to)

   • employers
   • employs
   • employees
   • employment

   Отговор: employs

   Нужен е глагол: employs (наема на работа).

6. A company that sells the same products as yours is a ___.

   • partner
   • supplier
   • customer
   • competitor

   Отговор: competitor

   Competitor е конкурент.

7. The money a business earns after paying all its costs is ___.

   • loss
   • profit
   • turnover
   • debt

   Отговор: profit

   Profit е печалба. Turnover е оборотът преди разходите.

8. A document that describes a new company's goals and finances is a ___ plan.

   • lesson
   • travel
   • business
   • floor

   Отговор: business

   Business plan е бизнес план.

9. All the money a company receives from sales, before costs, is its ___.

   • profit
   • revenue
   • debt
   • loan

   Отговор: revenue

   Revenue е приходът. Profit е това, което остава след разходите.

10. Complete: 'They ___ a business together in 2019.'

    • set off
    • set out
    • set up
    • set back

    Отговор: set up

    Set up a business означава основавам фирма.

11. Which adjective describes a person who is willing to take risks?

    • adventurous
    • cautious
    • timid
    • passive

    Отговор: adventurous

    Adventurous означава смел, склонен към риск.

12. A company that provides goods or materials to another company is a ___.

    • consumer
    • competitor
    • supplier
    • shareholder

    Отговор: supplier

    Supplier е доставчик.

13. People who give money to a new business in return for a share of it are ___.

    • investors
    • customers
    • competitors
    • suppliers

    Отговор: investors

    Investors са инвеститори.

14. If a company 'goes bankrupt', it ___.

    • doubles its profits
    • opens a new branch
    • cannot pay its debts and must close
    • becomes a bank

    Отговор: cannot pay its debts and must close

    Go bankrupt означава фалирам.

15. Complete: 'If the business doesn't ___ a profit, we'll have to close it.'

    • make
    • do
    • take
    • get

    Отговор: make

    Устойчиво съчетание: make a profit.

Официален имейл

1. Which is the best greeting for a formal email when you don't know the person's name?

   • Hi there!
   • Hey,
   • Dear Sir or Madam,
   • Hello mate,

   Отговор: Dear Sir or Madam,

   Dear Sir or Madam е стандартното официално обръщение към непознат.

2. The short line that tells what an email is about is the ___.

   • subject line
   • signature
   • attachment
   • greeting

   Отговор: subject line

   Subject line е темата на имейла.

3. Which ending is suitable for an email to a friend, but NOT for a formal email?

   • Yours faithfully,
   • Love,
   • Yours sincerely,
   • Kind regards,

   Отговор: Love,

   Love е неофициален край, само за близки хора.

4. In British English, if you start with 'Dear Mr Smith', you usually end with ___.

   • Yours sincerely,
   • Yours faithfully,
   • Love,
   • Cheers,

   Отговор: Yours sincerely,

   При обръщение с име: Yours sincerely. При Dear Sir or Madam: Yours faithfully.

5. Which word is more formal than 'buy'?

   • get
   • purchase
   • grab
   • pick up

   Отговор: purchase

   Purchase е по-официалният синоним на buy.

6. Which word is more formal than 'help'?

   • hand
   • push
   • lift
   • assistance

   Отговор: assistance

   Assistance е официален синоним на help.

7. Which phrase states the reason for writing in a formal email?

   • Just wanted to ask...
   • I am writing to enquire about...
   • Guess what!
   • What's up with...

   Отговор: I am writing to enquire about...

   I am writing to enquire about... е типично официално начало.

8. Which phrase refers to a file sent with a formal email?

   • Look at this lol.
   • Here's my stuff.
   • Check it out!
   • Please find attached my CV.

   Отговор: Please find attached my CV.

   Please find attached... е стандартна официална фраза.

9. Which is the formal way to say sorry?

   • I apologise for the delay.
   • My bad, sorry for the delay.
   • Oops, sorry for the delay.
   • Soz for the delay.

   Отговор: I apologise for the delay.

   В официален имейл казваме I apologise for...

10. Complete formally: 'I would be grateful if you ___ send me more information.'

    • can
    • will
    • are able
    • could

    Отговор: could

    След I would be grateful if... се използва could.

11. Which verb is more formal than 'ask'?

    • chat
    • enquire
    • shout
    • guess

    Отговор: enquire

    Enquire означава осведомявам се, питам официално.

12. Which verb is more formal than 'get'?

    • take
    • grab
    • receive
    • catch

    Отговор: receive

    Receive (получавам) е официалният вариант на get.

13. Which is the formal version of 'Get back to me soon'?

    • I look forward to hear from you.
    • I look forward to hearing from you.
    • Write back fast.
    • Talk soon!

    Отговор: I look forward to hearing from you.

    Look forward to се следва от -ing форма: hearing.

14. Which sentence is correct for a formal complaint?

    • Your product is rubbish!!!
    • I was disappointing with the product.
    • The product broke, so give me money.
    • I was disappointed to find that the product was damaged on arrival.

    Отговор: I was disappointed to find that the product was damaged on arrival.

    Вежлив, официален и граматически правилен е само вариантът „I was disappointed to find that the product was damaged on arrival.“

15. Choose the most formal request.

    • Is the course still on?
    • Tell me if the course is still there.
    • Could you possibly inform me whether the course is still available?
    • What's up with the course?

    Отговор: Could you possibly inform me whether the course is still available?

    Учтивите непреки въпроси (Could you inform me whether...) са най-официални.

Финален въпрос