Страдателен залог: сегашно и минало (Passive voice)
Страдателният залог (Passive voice) показва какво става с даден предмет, а не кой извършва действието. Образува се с глагола be в нужното време и миналото причастие на основния глагол. В сегашно време използваме am/is/are, а в минало време was/were. Извършителят, ако е важен, се добавя с by.
Какво да запомним
- Сегашно време: is/are + минало причастие: English is spoken in many countries.
- Минало време: was/were + минало причастие: The telephone was invented by Bell.
- Минало причастие: правилни глаголи с -ed, неправилни от 3-та колона (make, made, made)
- Извършителят се въвежда с by: painted by Leonardo da Vinci
- Въпрос: When was the radio invented?
Пример
People make cars in this factory. → Cars are made in this factory. (Колите се правят в тази фабрика.)
Проверете се: 15 въпроса
Натиснете въпроса, за да видите верния отговор и обяснението.
The telephone ___ by Bell.
- invented
- was invented
- is invent
- were invented
Отговор: was invented
Страдателен залог в минало време: was/were + минало причастие.
English ___ in many countries.
- is spoken
- speaks
- is speaking
- are spoken
Отговор: is spoken
English е единствено число, сегашно време, страдателен залог: is spoken.
Change into the passive: 'People make cars in this factory.'
- Cars is made in this factory.
- Cars were made in this factory.
- Cars are made in this factory.
- Cars are make in this factory.
Отговор: Cars are made in this factory.
Сегашно време, множествено число: are + made.
The Mona Lisa ___ by Leonardo da Vinci.
- is painted
- painted
- has painting
- was painted
Отговор: was painted
Картината е нарисувана в миналото, затова was painted.
Which sentence is in the Past Simple Passive?
- Emails are sent every day.
- The first email was sent in 1971.
- Ray Tomlinson sent the first email.
- The emails are being sent now.
Отговор: The first email was sent in 1971.
Was sent е минало просто време в страдателен залог. Ray Tomlinson sent... е деятелен залог.
What is the past participle of 'make'?
- made
- maked
- making
- makes
Отговор: made
Make е неправилен глагол: make, made, made.
Paper ___ from wood.
- makes
- is making
- is made
- made
Отговор: is made
Хартията се прави от дърво: Present Simple Passive, is made.
These photos ___ last summer.
- was taken
- are taken
- took
- were taken
Отговор: were taken
Photos е множествено число, last summer е минало: were taken.
Change into the passive: 'Millions of people use smartphones.'
- Smartphones used by millions of people.
- Smartphones are used by millions of people.
- Smartphones were use by millions of people.
- Smartphones is used by millions of people.
Отговор: Smartphones are used by millions of people.
Сегашно време, множествено число: are used, а извършителят с by.
Which question is correct?
- When did the radio invented?
- When was the radio invented?
- When was the radio invent?
- When the radio was invented?
Отговор: When was the radio invented?
Във въпрос в страдателен залог was/were стои пред подлога, а глаголът е минало причастие.
What is the past participle of 'build'?
- builded
- built
- build
- building
Отговор: built
Build е неправилен глагол: build, built, built.
Choose: 'Rice ___ in China.'
- grows
- is grown
- are grown
- was grow
Отговор: is grown
Оризът се отглежда: страдателен залог в сегашно време is grown.
How do we form the Present Simple Passive?
- am/is/are + past participle
- was/were + -ing
- have + past participle
- will + base form
Отговор: am/is/are + past participle
Present Simple Passive: am/is/are + минало причастие.
Choose: 'The windows ___ yesterday.'
- is cleaned
- was cleaned
- cleaned by
- were cleaned
Отговор: were cleaned
Yesterday показва минало, windows е множествено число: were cleaned.
Which word introduces the person who does the action in a passive sentence?
- by
- with
- from
- of
Отговор: by
Извършителят на действието се въвежда с by: written by Shakespeare.