Наука, технологии и етика

Научен напредък

1. A scientist does an ___ in a laboratory to test an idea.

   • excursion
   • experiment
   • exhibition
   • excuse

   Отговор: experiment

   Experiment е опит, с който се проверява идея или теория.

2. A scientist who studies the stars and planets is an ___.

   • astrologer
   • architect
   • archaeologist
   • astronomer

   Отговор: astronomer

   Astronomer е астроном. Astrologer (астролог) не е учен.

3. An instrument that makes very small things look bigger is a ___.

   • telescope
   • thermometer
   • microscope
   • stethoscope

   Отговор: microscope

   Микроскопът увеличава малки обекти, а телескопът показва далечни.

4. Which verb means 'to find something that already existed but was unknown'?

   • invent
   • design
   • produce
   • discover

   Отговор: discover

   Discover означава откривам нещо съществуващо, а invent означава изобретявам нещо ново.

5. Who developed the theory of relativity?

   • Albert Einstein
   • Isaac Newton
   • Charles Darwin
   • Nikola Tesla

   Отговор: Albert Einstein

   Теорията на относителността е дело на Алберт Айнщайн.

6. Who described the law of universal gravitation?

   • Galileo Galilei
   • Charles Darwin
   • Isaac Newton
   • Thomas Edison

   Отговор: Isaac Newton

   Законът за всеобщото привличане е формулиран от Исак Нютон.

7. Alexander Fleming discovered ___ in 1928.

   • penicillin
   • DNA
   • electricity
   • X-rays

   Отговор: penicillin

   Флеминг открива пеницилина, първия антибиотик, през 1928 г.

8. Complete: 'Scientists have made huge ___ in medicine.'

   • progresses
   • a progress
   • progress
   • progressings

   Отговор: progress

   Progress е неброимо съществително и няма множествено число.

9. Marie Curie won Nobel Prizes for her work on ___.

   • radioactivity
   • electricity
   • vaccines
   • genetics

   Отговор: radioactivity

   Мария Кюри изследва радиоактивността и печели две Нобелови награди.

10. A/An ___ is an important new discovery or development.

    • setback
    • drawback
    • breakthrough
    • outbreak

    Отговор: breakthrough

    Breakthrough означава пробив, важно ново постижение.

11. The first people landed on the Moon in ___.

    • 1957
    • 1961
    • 1975
    • 1969

    Отговор: 1969

    Apollo 11 каца на Луната през юли 1969 г.

12. DNA carries ___ information.

    • financial
    • weather
    • historical
    • genetic

    Отговор: genetic

    ДНК носи наследствената (генетична) информация.

13. 'Artificial intelligence' refers to ___.

    • synthetic materials used in industry
    • plastic body parts
    • genetically modified plants
    • computer systems that do tasks which normally need human intelligence

    Отговор: computer systems that do tasks which normally need human intelligence

    Изкуственият интелект (AI) са компютърни системи, които изпълняват задачи, изискващи човешки интелект.

14. Which word means 'a possible explanation that scientists test'?

    • conclusion
    • hypothesis
    • evidence
    • results

    Отговор: hypothesis

    Hypothesis е хипотеза, предположение за проверка.

15. An object sent into space to go around the Earth and send signals is a ___.

    • comet
    • satellite
    • meteor
    • planet

    Отговор: satellite

    Изкуственият спътник (satellite) обикаля Земята.

Страдателен залог

1. English ___ all over the world.

   • speaks
   • is spoken
   • is speaking
   • spoke

   Отговор: is spoken

   Езикът не говори сам, затова страдателен залог: is + spoken.

2. This cake ___ by my grandmother yesterday.

   • made
   • is made
   • was made
   • makes

   Отговор: was made

   Past Simple passive: was + made.

3. Cars ___ in this factory.

   • make
   • making
   • is made
   • are made

   Отговор: are made

   Страдателен залог, сегашно време: are + минало причастие.

4. The telephone ___ by Alexander Graham Bell.

   • invented
   • is invented
   • was invented
   • has invented

   Отговор: was invented

   Минало събитие в страдателен залог: was + invented.

5. Which sentence is in the passive?

   • The results were published in a journal.
   • Scientists published the results.
   • They are publishing the results.
   • The journal publishes new studies.

   Отговор: The results were published in a journal.

   Само в „The results were published in a journal.“ подлогът (results) понася действието: were published.

6. The letters ___ tomorrow.

   • will send
   • will be sent
   • are sending
   • sent

   Отговор: will be sent

   Бъдеще време в страдателен залог: will be + минало причастие.

7. I ___ my hair cut yesterday.

   • had
   • did
   • made
   • was

   Отговор: had

   Каузатив have something done: някой друг ме е подстригал.

8. We are going to ___ our house painted next month.

   • make
   • let
   • have
   • do

   Отговор: have

   Каузатив have something done: някой друг ще боядиса къщата.

9. The song was written ___ a famous singer.

   • from
   • with
   • by
   • of

   Отговор: by

   Извършителят в страдателен залог се въвежда с by.

10. A new hospital ___ in our town at the moment.

    • is built
    • has built
    • is being built
    • builds

    Отговор: is being built

    Действие в процес сега в страдателен залог: is being + built.

11. The experiment must ___ again.

    • be repeated
    • repeat
    • be repeating
    • repeated

    Отговор: be repeated

    След модален глагол страдателният залог е be + past participle.

12. When I came back, my room ___.

    • had been cleaned
    • has been cleaned
    • was cleaning
    • had cleaned

    Отговор: had been cleaned

    Минало перфектно в страдателен залог: had been + минало причастие.

13. Change into the passive: 'They have cancelled the flight.'

    • The flight has been cancelled.
    • The flight has cancelled.
    • The flight had been cancelling.
    • The flight have been cancelled.

    Отговор: The flight has been cancelled.

    Present Perfect passive: has/have been + past participle.

14. She got her phone ___ last week.

    • steal
    • stolen
    • to steal
    • stealing

    Отговор: stolen

    Get/have something done може да описва и неприятно събитие: телефонът ѝ е бил откраднат.

15. Change into the passive: 'Someone was following us.'

    • We were followed.
    • We were being followed.
    • We are being followed.
    • We have been followed.

    Отговор: We were being followed.

    Past continuous passive: was/were being + минало причастие.

Етика в науката

1. Using animals to check if products are safe is called animal ___.

   • caring
   • testing
   • farming
   • training

   Отговор: testing

   Animal testing означава опити с животни.

2. A ___ is a difficult situation in which you must choose between two options.

   • diploma
   • dialogue
   • diagram
   • dilemma

   Отговор: dilemma

   Dilemma е дилема, труден избор.

3. Which word is the opposite of 'ethical'?

   • inethical
   • disethical
   • nonethical
   • unethical

   Отговор: unethical

   Отрицанието се образува с представката un-: unethical.

4. Which word means 'morally right or acceptable'?

   • illegal
   • practical
   • logical
   • ethical

   Отговор: ethical

   Ethical означава етичен, морално приемлив.

5. Which word means 'the right to keep your personal information secret'?

   • publicity
   • privacy
   • property
   • priority

   Отговор: privacy

   Privacy е неприкосновеност на личния живот.

6. Information about you that apps and companies collect is your personal ___.

   • data
   • luggage
   • furniture
   • weather

   Отговор: data

   Personal data са личните данни.

7. Dolly the sheep, born in 1996, was the first mammal ___ from an adult cell.

   • grown
   • cloned
   • trained
   • bought

   Отговор: cloned

   Овцата Доли е първият бозайник, клониран от клетка на възрастен организъм.

8. Doctors must get a patient's ___ before treatment.

   • content
   • contest
   • context
   • consent

   Отговор: consent

   Consent е съгласие. Пациентът трябва да даде съгласие.

9. Changing the genes of a living organism is called genetic ___.

   • accounting
   • translation
   • engineering
   • navigation

   Отговор: engineering

   Genetic engineering е генно инженерство.

10. GM food is food from ___.

    • organic farms only
    • giant markets
    • frozen meals
    • genetically modified plants or animals

    Отговор: genetically modified plants or animals

    GM означава genetically modified, генетично модифициран.

11. Which phrase means 'to oppose something'?

    • to be against
    • to be in favour of
    • to approve of
    • to support

    Отговор: to be against

    Be against означава да си против.

12. New medicines are tested on volunteers in clinical ___.

    • courts
    • judges
    • trials
    • cases

    Отговор: trials

    Clinical trials са клинични изпитвания на лекарства.

13. Critics say scientists are 'playing God' when they ___.

    • interfere with nature in ways people should not
    • pray in their laboratories
    • win international prizes
    • refuse to do experiments

    Отговор: interfere with nature in ways people should not

    Изразът се използва за намеса в природата, напр. клониране и промяна на гени.

14. 'The end justifies the means' suggests that ___.

    • all methods must be legal
    • results are not important
    • a good result makes any method acceptable
    • experiments must end quickly

    Отговор: a good result makes any method acceptable

    Изразът означава, че добрата цел оправдава всякакви средства.

15. Many people have serious ___ about using AI to make decisions about people's lives.

    • concerns
    • concerts
    • concepts
    • conserves

    Отговор: concerns

    Have concerns about означава да се притесняваш за нещо.

Безличен пасив

1. Complete: 'It ___ that the new vaccine is safe.'

   • says
   • is saying
   • is said
   • said by

   Отговор: is said

   Безличната конструкция е It is said that...

2. Complete: 'It ___ expected that prices will rise.'

   • does
   • has
   • have
   • is

   Отговор: is

   It is expected that... (безличен пасив).

3. Which verb can be used in this structure: 'It is ___ that the economy will grow.'?

   • gone
   • happened
   • arrived
   • expected

   Отговор: expected

   В безличния пасив се ползват глаголи за мнение и съобщение: say, think, believe, expect.

4. 'People believe that he is a genius.' = 'He ___ a genius.'

   • believes to be
   • is believed being
   • believed to be
   • is believed to be

   Отговор: is believed to be

   Конструкция: subject + is believed + to be.

5. 'People know that smoking is harmful.' = 'It ___ that smoking is harmful.'

   • knows
   • is known
   • is knowing
   • known

   Отговор: is known

   Безличен пасив: It is known that...

6. 'He is said to be rich' means ___.

   • He says that he is rich.
   • People say that he is rich.
   • He said that he was rich.
   • People said he will be rich.

   Отговор: People say that he is rich.

   Конструкцията is said to описва какво казват другите хора.

7. 'People say that the scientist lives in Sofia.' = 'The scientist ___ in Sofia.'

   • is said living
   • is said to live
   • says to live
   • is saying to live

   Отговор: is said to live

   След is said следва инфинитив с to: is said to live.

8. 'They say that the castle is haunted.' = 'The castle ___ haunted.'

   • says to be
   • is said being
   • is said to be
   • is saying to be

   Отговор: is said to be

   Subject + is said + to be.

9. Which sentence is NOT correct?

   • The company is thought to be in trouble.
   • It is thought that the company is in trouble.
   • People think that the company is in trouble.
   • The company is thought that it is in trouble.

   Отговор: The company is thought that it is in trouble.

   След подлог + is thought следва инфинитив (to be), а не that-изречение.

10. 'It is thought that the ship sank in 1912.' = 'The ship ___ in 1912.'

    • is thought to sink
    • thinks to have sunk
    • is thought to have sunk
    • is thought sinking

    Отговор: is thought to have sunk

    За минало действие спрямо мнението използваме перфектен инфинитив: to have sunk.

11. 'It was believed that the Earth was flat.' = 'The Earth ___ flat.'

    • was believed to be
    • is believed to be
    • believed to be
    • was believed being

    Отговор: was believed to be

    Вярването е в миналото и се отнася за същото време, затова was believed to be.

12. 'It was reported that ten people had been injured.' = 'Ten people ___.'

    • were reported to be injuring
    • were reported to have been injured
    • reported to have injured
    • had reported to be injured

    Отговор: were reported to have been injured

    Предходно действие в пасив: to have been + минало причастие.

13. 'It is reported that the team is working on a cure.' = 'The team ___ on a cure.'

    • is reported to be working
    • is reported working
    • reports to work
    • is reported to have worked

    Отговор: is reported to be working

    Действие в процес сега: продължителен инфинитив to be working.

14. Which sentence is correct?

    • The suspect is thought to has left the country.
    • The suspect is thought that he left the country.
    • The suspect is thought to have left the country.
    • The suspect thinks to have left the country.

    Отговор: The suspect is thought to have left the country.

    След is thought следва перфектен инфинитив to have left за минало действие.

15. 'They expect that the president will arrive at noon.' = 'The president ___ at noon.'

    • is expected arriving
    • expects to arrive
    • is expected to arrive
    • is expected to have arrived

    Отговор: is expected to arrive

    За бъдещо действие използваме обикновен инфинитив: is expected to arrive.

Презентация

1. Which is a good way to start a presentation?

   • That's all. Bye!
   • Any questions?
   • Good morning, everyone. Today I'm going to talk about...
   • In conclusion, ...

   Отговор: Good morning, everyone. Today I'm going to talk about...

   Презентацията започва с поздрав и представяне на темата.

2. The people who listen to a presentation are the ___.

   • audience
   • speakers
   • presenters
   • authors

   Отговор: audience

   Audience е публиката.

3. Looking at the audience while you speak is called eye ___.

   • contact
   • touch
   • view
   • sight

   Отговор: contact

   Eye contact е зрителен контакт.

4. Which phrase moves on to the next point?

   • Let's move on to...
   • To sum up,...
   • Thank you for listening.
   • Good afternoon.

   Отговор: Let's move on to...

   Let's move on to означава 'да преминем към'.

5. 'Firstly... Secondly... Finally...' are used to ___.

   • ask questions
   • put your points in order
   • greet the audience
   • show a graph

   Отговор: put your points in order

   Тези думи подреждат точките на изложението.

6. Which phrase introduces a summary near the end of a talk?

   • For example, ...
   • To sum up, ...
   • Next, ...
   • By the way, ...

   Отговор: To sum up, ...

   To sum up въвежда обобщение.

7. The pages with text and pictures shown on a screen during a presentation are called ___.

   • sliders
   • slides
   • slips
   • slots

   Отговор: slides

   Slides са слайдовете на презентацията.

8. When numbers go up and down repeatedly, we say they ___.

   • remain
   • level off
   • double
   • fluctuate

   Отговор: fluctuate

   Fluctuate означава колебая се, вървя нагоре-надолу.

9. The highest point on a graph is the ___.

   • dip
   • bottom
   • plateau
   • peak

   Отговор: peak

   Peak е върхът на графиката. Dip е спад.

10. 'As you can see from this graph, sales ___ sharply in 2020.'

    • raised
    • rised
    • arose
    • rose

    Отговор: rose

    Rise (rose, risen) е непреходен глагол: продажбите се покачват. Raise изисква допълнение.

11. Complete: 'This chart shows a gradual ___ in the number of students.'

    • increasing
    • increase
    • increased
    • increasingly

    Отговор: increase

    След прилагателното gradual е нужно съществително: an increase.

12. Which verb means 'to fall suddenly and by a large amount'?

    • plummet
    • recover
    • peak
    • level off

    Отговор: plummet

    Plummet означава рязко да спадне.

13. Which is the best way to end a presentation?

    • Firstly, let me introduce myself.
    • Thank you for your attention. I'm happy to answer any questions.
    • My next point is...
    • Moving on, ...

    Отговор: Thank you for your attention. I'm happy to answer any questions.

    Краят включва благодарност и покана за въпроси.

14. Someone asks a question you cannot answer. What is the best reply?

    • That's a stupid question.
    • I don't care.
    • Next question, quickly.
    • That's a good question. I'm not sure, but I'll find out and get back to you.

    Отговор: That's a good question. I'm not sure, but I'll find out and get back to you.

    Учтиво признаване и обещание да отговориш по-късно е най-подходящо.

15. Someone interrupts with a question. Which reply is the most polite?

    • Be quiet, please, I'm talking.
    • That's a strange question.
    • If you don't mind, I'll come back to that at the end.
    • Wait. Don't ask me now.

    Отговор: If you don't mind, I'll come back to that at the end.

    Учтиво е да отложиш въпроса за края на презентацията.

Финален въпрос