Околна среда и глобални проблеми

Екологични проблеми

1. Cutting down large areas of forest is called ___.

   • deforestation
   • pollution
   • erosion
   • irrigation

   Отговор: deforestation

   Deforestation означава обезлесяване, изсичане на горите.

2. Plastic bottles, paper and glass can be ___ and used again.

   • wasted
   • polluted
   • recycled
   • thrown

   Отговор: recycled

   Recycled означава рециклиран, преработен за повторна употреба.

3. Rubbish that people throw away is ___.

   • waste
   • wealth
   • weather
   • wildlife

   Отговор: waste

   Waste означава отпадъци.

4. The gradual rise in the Earth's average temperature is called global ___.

   • cooling
   • warming
   • raising
   • burning

   Отговор: warming

   Global warming е глобалното затопляне.

5. Which of these is a fossil fuel?

   • wind
   • sunlight
   • tides
   • oil

   Отговор: oil

   Нефтът (oil) е изкопаемо гориво, а вятърът, слънцето и приливите са възобновяеми източници.

6. Things that can be used only once and then thrown away are ___.

   • reusable
   • recyclable
   • renewable
   • single-use

   Отговор: single-use

   Single-use означава за еднократна употреба.

7. Energy from the sun, wind and water is called ___ energy.

   • fossil
   • nuclear
   • renewable
   • disposable

   Отговор: renewable

   Renewable energy е възобновяема енергия, източниците ѝ не се изчерпват.

8. Smoke from cars and factories causes air ___.

   • pollution
   • population
   • protection
   • prediction

   Отговор: pollution

   Air pollution е замърсяване на въздуха.

9. The layer in the atmosphere that protects us from the sun's UV rays is the ___ layer.

   • carbon
   • ozone
   • oxygen
   • cloud

   Отговор: ozone

   Озоновият слой поглъща голяма част от ултравиолетовите лъчи.

10. Many animal species are ___ because their habitats are being destroyed.

    • harmless
    • domestic
    • abundant
    • endangered

    Отговор: endangered

    Endangered означава застрашен от изчезване.

11. Very long periods with little or no rain are called ___.

    • floods
    • droughts
    • hurricanes
    • avalanches

    Отговор: droughts

    Drought означава суша.

12. Rain polluted by chemicals from factories and cars is ___ rain.

    • heavy
    • light
    • sweet
    • acid

    Отговор: acid

    Киселинният дъжд (acid rain) се образува от серни и азотни оксиди.

13. Which phrase means 'the amount of carbon dioxide a person or activity produces'?

    • carbon footprint
    • carbon copy
    • greenhouse effect
    • ozone layer

    Отговор: carbon footprint

    Carbon footprint е въглеродният отпечатък на човек или дейност.

14. We must ___ the amount of energy we waste.

    • put up with
    • come up with
    • cut down on
    • look forward to

    Отговор: cut down on

    Cut down on означава намалявам нещо.

15. When soil is washed or blown away, this is called soil ___.

    • irrigation
    • erosion
    • fertilisation
    • cultivation

    Отговор: erosion

    Ерозията отнася почвата чрез вода или вятър.

Условни изречения

1. If you heat ice, it ___.

   • melted
   • melts
   • would melt
   • has melted

   Отговор: melts

   Нулево условно изречение за общовалидни истини: if + Present Simple, Present Simple.

2. If you ___ red and blue, you get purple.

   • will mix
   • mixed
   • would mix
   • mix

   Отговор: mix

   Нулево условно: и в двете части е Present Simple.

3. Which conditional is used for general truths and facts?

   • the second conditional
   • the third conditional
   • the zero conditional
   • the mixed conditional

   Отговор: the zero conditional

   Нулев тип: If + present, present, например If you heat ice, it melts.

4. If it rains tomorrow, we ___ at home.

   • would stay
   • stayed
   • will stay
   • would have stayed

   Отговор: will stay

   Първо условно: if + Present Simple, will + глагол за реална бъдеща възможност.

5. We will save energy if we ___ off the lights.

   • turn
   • will turn
   • turned
   • would turn

   Отговор: turn

   В подчиненото изречение с if при първо условно се използва Present Simple, не will.

6. I'll call you as soon as I ___ home.

   • get
   • will get
   • got
   • would get

   Отговор: get

   След as soon as, when, before за бъдеще използваме сегашно време.

7. If I ___ the president, I would ban plastic bags.

   • am
   • will be
   • had been
   • were

   Отговор: were

   Второ условно за нереална ситуация: if + Past Simple (were), would + глагол.

8. ___ we act now, the problem will get worse.

   • If
   • Unless
   • When
   • As long as

   Отговор: Unless

   Unless означава 'ако не': ако не действаме сега, проблемът ще се влоши.

9. If I were you, I ___ take the train. It's faster.

   • will
   • would
   • am
   • had

   Отговор: would

   If I were you, I would... е начин да дадеш съвет.

10. If people had recycled more in the past, the river ___ so polluted now.

    • wouldn't be
    • won't be
    • wouldn't have been
    • isn't

    Отговор: wouldn't be

    Смесено условно: минало условие (had + V3) и настоящ резултат (would + глагол), заради 'now'.

11. What would you do if you ___ a lot of money?

    • win
    • will win
    • won
    • would win

    Отговор: won

    Второ условно: if + Past Simple, would + глагол.

12. You can borrow my bike ___ you bring it back by six.

    • unless
    • even though
    • in case
    • provided that

    Отговор: provided that

    Provided that означава при условие че.

13. Choose the correct third conditional sentence.

    • If they would have planted trees, the floods wouldn't be so bad.
    • If they had planted trees, the floods wouldn't have been so bad.
    • If they had planted trees, the floods won't have been so bad.
    • If they have planted trees, the floods wouldn't have been so bad.

    Отговор: If they had planted trees, the floods wouldn't have been so bad.

    Трето условно: if + Past Perfect, would have + V3.

14. Which sentence uses inversion correctly?

    • Did we know about the risk, we would have acted earlier.
    • We had known about the risk, we would have acted earlier.
    • Have we known about the risk, we would have acted earlier.
    • Had we known about the risk, we would have acted earlier.

    Отговор: Had we known about the risk, we would have acted earlier.

    При инверсия в трето условно if отпада и had застава пред подлога.

15. 'Should you need any help, please call me.' means ___.

    • If you need any help, please call me.
    • You should need help, so call me.
    • You must call me for help.
    • If you had needed help, you would have called me.

    Отговор: If you need any help, please call me.

    Should + подлог в началото е официален вариант на If + present.

Урбанизация

1. A very large and important city is also called a ___.

   • village
   • hamlet
   • metropolis
   • suburb

   Отговор: metropolis

   Metropolis е голям град, мегаполис.

2. People who live in a city are city ___.

   • dwellers
   • villagers
   • farmers
   • nomads

   Отговор: dwellers

   City dwellers са жителите на града.

3. A very tall building in a city is a ___.

   • cottage
   • barn
   • skyscraper
   • hut

   Отговор: skyscraper

   Skyscraper е небостъргач.

4. A residential area at the edge of a city is a ___.

   • city centre
   • skyscraper
   • square
   • suburb

   Отговор: suburb

   Suburb е предградие, жилищен квартал в покрайнините.

5. Daily travel between home and work is called ___.

   • migrating
   • commuting
   • sightseeing
   • hiking

   Отговор: commuting

   Commuting е ежедневното пътуване от дома до работата и обратно.

6. The countryside is also called a/an ___ area.

   • urban
   • industrial
   • rural
   • central

   Отговор: rural

   Rural означава селски, а urban градски.

7. Urbanisation is the process of ___.

   • people moving from rural areas to cities
   • cities becoming smaller
   • building new farms
   • people moving to the countryside

   Отговор: people moving from rural areas to cities

   Урбанизацията е преместването на хора от селата в градовете и растежът на градовете.

8. Which is a typical advantage of city life?

   • cleaner air
   • less noise
   • better access to jobs and services
   • cheaper housing

   Отговор: better access to jobs and services

   Градовете предлагат повече работа и услуги, но въздухът е по-мръсен, а жилищата по-скъпи.

9. The ___ hour is the time when roads and public transport are busiest.

   • rush
   • late
   • quiet
   • free

   Отговор: rush

   Rush hour е пиковият час.

10. Heavy traffic in big cities often leads to ___.

    • conservation
    • congestion
    • construction
    • consumption

    Отговор: congestion

    Traffic congestion означава задръстване.

11. Old factories are turned into flats and offices. This is called urban ___.

    • sprawl
    • migration
    • decay
    • regeneration

    Отговор: regeneration

    Urban regeneration е обновяване на градски райони.

12. The uncontrolled spread of a city into the countryside is urban ___.

    • regeneration
    • renewal
    • planning
    • sprawl

    Отговор: sprawl

    Urban sprawl е неконтролираното разрастване на града.

13. A very poor, overcrowded area of a city is called a ___.

    • suburb
    • residential area
    • slum
    • green belt

    Отговор: slum

    Slum е бедняшки квартал с лоши условия за живот.

14. Choose the correct word: The city's ___ has grown to over two million.

    • population
    • pollution
    • populated
    • popularity

    Отговор: population

    Population е населението на града.

15. Land around a city where new building is restricted to protect nature is a ___.

    • slum
    • green belt
    • suburb
    • ring road

    Отговор: green belt

    Green belt е зелен пояс около града.

Бедност и неравенство

1. People who have nowhere to live are ___.

   • homesick
   • homemade
   • homeland
   • homeless

   Отговор: homeless

   Homeless означава бездомен.

2. A person who is very poor lives in ___.

   • wealth
   • poverty
   • luxury
   • comfort

   Отговор: poverty

   Poverty означава бедност.

3. The state of not having a job is ___.

   • employment
   • retirement
   • payment
   • unemployment

   Отговор: unemployment

   Unemployment е безработица.

4. Help, such as money or food, that rich countries give to poorer countries is ___.

   • aid
   • debt
   • tax
   • profit

   Отговор: aid

   Aid означава помощ, например хуманитарна помощ.

5. A country with a low income that is trying to grow its economy is a/an ___ country.

   • developed
   • wealthy
   • developing
   • industrialised

   Отговор: developing

   Developing country е развиваща се страна.

6. Not having enough food to eat is ___.

   • thirst
   • hunger
   • wealth
   • health

   Отговор: hunger

   Hunger е глад.

7. When many people in a region do not have enough food for a long time, there is a ___.

   • feast
   • famine
   • harvest
   • surplus

   Отговор: famine

   Famine означава глад, масов недостиг на храна.

8. An organisation that helps people in need and does not aim to make a profit is a ___.

   • company
   • bank
   • factory
   • charity

   Отговор: charity

   Charity е благотворителна организация.

9. The lowest amount of money a worker must legally be paid is the minimum ___.

   • price
   • tax
   • wage
   • loan

   Отговор: wage

   Minimum wage е минималната работна заплата.

10. The ___ between the rich and the poor is getting wider.

    • bridge
    • link
    • gap
    • hole

    Отговор: gap

    The gap between rich and poor е пропастта между богатите и бедните.

11. Money that a country or a person owes is called ___.

    • debt
    • income
    • savings
    • salary

    Отговор: debt

    Debt означава дълг.

12. A very small loan that helps a poor person start a business is a ___.

    • microloan
    • mortgage
    • pension
    • scholarship

    Отговор: microloan

    Microloan е микрокредит. Mortgage е ипотечен кредит за жилище.

13. Which term describes trade that aims to pay producers in poor countries a fair price?

    • free trade
    • black market
    • fast fashion
    • fair trade

    Отговор: fair trade

    Fair trade е справедлива търговия, която цели по-добро заплащане на производителите.

14. Choose the correct sentence.

    • Millions of people still lack of access to clean water.
    • Millions of people still lack access to clean water.
    • Millions of people still are lacking to access clean water.
    • Millions of people still lack for access clean water.

    Отговор: Millions of people still lack access to clean water.

    Глаголът lack е преходен и не се свързва с of. Of се използва след съществителното: a lack of.

15. Which word means 'unable to read or write'?

    • illegal
    • illiterate
    • illogical
    • irregular

    Отговор: illiterate

    Illiterate означава неграмотен.

Доклад

1. A report usually begins with a section that states its ___.

   • purpose
   • ending
   • signature
   • price

   Отговор: purpose

   Докладът започва с увод, който посочва целта му.

2. Which of these is a typical report heading?

   • Dear Mum
   • Lots of love
   • Findings
   • Chapter One

   Отговор: Findings

   Findings (резултати, констатации) е типично заглавие на раздел в доклад.

3. Reports are usually divided into sections with ___.

   • rhymes
   • greetings
   • signatures
   • headings

   Отговор: headings

   Докладът е разделен на части със заглавия.

4. Which style is suitable for a report?

   • informal with slang
   • formal and impersonal
   • poetic and emotional
   • chatty and personal

   Отговор: formal and impersonal

   Докладът е официален и безличен текст.

5. Choose the most formal verb: The survey ___ that most students walk to school.

   • told about
   • spoke
   • talked
   • revealed

   Отговор: revealed

   Revealed (показа, разкри) е подходящ официален глагол.

6. Which phrase introduces what most people in a survey said?

   • The majority of students...
   • A few students...
   • Hardly any students...
   • Not one student...

   Отговор: The majority of students...

   The majority означава мнозинството.

7. Which phrase is best for introducing the aim of a report?

   • Hi guys, here's my report...
   • Well, let me tell you...
   • The aim of this report is to...
   • Once upon a time...

   Отговор: The aim of this report is to...

   The aim of this report is to... е стандартно официално начало.

8. Which linking phrase introduces a result?

   • As a result
   • In contrast
   • For example
   • However

   Отговор: As a result

   As a result въвежда следствие.

9. Which linker formally adds another point?

   • Plus,
   • And also,
   • In addition,
   • Oh, and

   Отговор: In addition,

   In addition е официален свързващ израз за добавяне.

10. Which heading is most suitable for the last section of a report?

    • Best wishes
    • Introduction
    • Yours sincerely
    • Conclusion and recommendations

    Отговор: Conclusion and recommendations

    Докладът завършва със заключение и препоръки.

11. Which phrase is used to report survey results?

    • In my humble opinion, ...
    • According to the survey, ...
    • Believe it or not, ...
    • Long story short, ...

    Отговор: According to the survey, ...

    According to the survey (според проучването) въвежда данни.

12. Choose the correct form: 'I suggest ___ more bike lanes.'

    • to build
    • build
    • building
    • to building

    Отговор: building

    След suggest използваме -ing форма или that-изречение.

13. Which sentence is the most impersonal and formal?

    • It is recommended that more bins be installed.
    • I think we should get more bins.
    • We really need loads more bins!
    • Get more bins, OK?

    Отговор: It is recommended that more bins be installed.

    Безличната конструкция It is recommended that... със страдателен залог звучи най-официално.

14. Choose the correct option: It is strongly ___ that the council introduce a recycling scheme.

    • recommending
    • recommend
    • recommended
    • to recommend

    Отговор: recommended

    It is recommended that... е страдателна безлична конструкция, следвана от подлог и основна форма на глагола.

15. Which sentence presents a finding objectively?

    • Over 60% of respondents said they cycle to school.
    • Loads of people love cycling, obviously.
    • I personally think cycling is great.
    • Everyone knows cycling is the best.

    Отговор: Over 60% of respondents said they cycle to school.

    Обективният доклад дава данни, без лично мнение и разговорни думи.

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