Здраве и общество: задачи за упражнение (Conditionals, wish)

Healthy living

1. Which nutrients give the body most of its quick energy?

   • vitamins
   • carbohydrates
   • minerals
   • fibre

   Отговор: carbohydrates

   Въглехидратите (хляб, ориз, макаронени изделия) са основният бърз източник на енергия.

2. Which activity is aerobic exercise?

   • playing chess
   • jogging
   • sleeping
   • watching TV

   Отговор: jogging

   Аеробните упражнения (бягане, плуване, колоездене) натоварват сърцето и дишането.

3. A doctor who looks after your teeth is a ___.

   • surgeon
   • nurse
   • dentist
   • chemist

   Отговор: dentist

   Dentist е зъболекар.

4. A person who doesn't eat meat or fish is a ___.

   • carnivore
   • butcher
   • pescatarian
   • vegetarian

   Отговор: vegetarian

   Vegetarian не яде месо и риба; vegan не яде никакви животински продукти.

5. Which phrasal verb means 'to reduce the amount of something you eat or drink'?

   • take up
   • cut down on
   • run out of
   • look after

   Отговор: cut down on

   I need to cut down on sugar = трябва да намаля захарта.

6. 'You ___ drink more water.' Which modal verb gives advice?

   • should
   • might not
   • can't
   • must not

   Отговор: should

   Should се използва за съвет.

7. Choose the correct sentence.

   • She works out at the gym since January.
   • She is working out at the gym since January.
   • She has been working out at the gym since three months.
   • She has been working out at the gym since January.

   Отговор: She has been working out at the gym since January.

   Since + начален момент изисква Present Perfect (Continuous); за период се използва for (for three months).

8. Too much screen time before bed can ___ your sleep.

   • reflect
   • infect
   • affect
   • effect

   Отговор: affect

   Affect е глагол (влияя), а effect е съществително (an effect on).

9. 'I'm feeling a bit under the weather' means ___.

   • I'm very happy
   • I feel a bit ill
   • I'm very tired of the weather
   • I'm outside in the rain

   Отговор: I feel a bit ill

   Under the weather е идиом за леко неразположение.

10. Choose the correct sentence.

    • I'm used to get up early.
    • I'm use to getting up early.
    • I'm used to getting up early.
    • I used to getting up early.

    Отговор: I'm used to getting up early.

    Be used to + -ing означава „свикнал съм“, а used to + глагол е за минал навик.

Conditional 3 & mixed

1. If you had called me, I ___ you up from the station.

   • had picked
   • would have picked
   • would pick
   • will pick

   Отговор: would have picked

   В главното изречение на третото условно е would have + трето причастие.

2. If we had won the match, we ___ very happy.

   • would have been
   • would be been
   • will have been
   • had been

   Отговор: would have been

   Would have + been (трето причастие на be).

3. What is the third conditional used for?

   • polite requests
   • real plans for the future
   • facts that are always true
   • imaginary situations in the past

   Отговор: imaginary situations in the past

   Говорим за нещо, което не се е случило в миналото, и за въображаемия му резултат.

4. 'If I had had more time, I ___ have finished the project.' Which word shows ability?

   • will
   • could
   • should
   • must

   Отговор: could

   Could have = щях да мога.

5. If I ___ my keys, I wouldn't have been locked out.

   • wouldn't forget
   • didn't forget
   • haven't forgotten
   • hadn't forgotten

   Отговор: hadn't forgotten

   В if-частта на третото условно е Past Perfect.

6. What does this sentence tell us: 'If she hadn't helped me, I would have failed'?

   • She helped me but I failed.
   • She didn't help me and I failed.
   • She will help me.
   • She helped me and I didn't fail.

   Отговор: She helped me and I didn't fail.

   Третото условно описва обратното на действителността.

7. Which is a mixed conditional with a present condition and a past result?

   • If I spoke French, I would understand the film.
   • If I had spoken French, I would have understood the film.
   • If I spoke French, I would have understood the film yesterday.
   • If I speak French, I will understand the film.

   Отговор: If I spoke French, I would have understood the film yesterday.

   If + Past Simple (общо положение сега), would have + причастие (минал резултат).

8. Which sentence corrects the mistake in 'If I would have known, I would have come'?

   • If I knew, I would have come.
   • If I had known, I would have come.
   • If I would know, I would come.
   • If I have known, I would have come.

   Отговор: If I had known, I would have come.

   В if-частта не се използва would; нужно е Past Perfect.

9. He didn't take an umbrella, so he got wet. → If he ___ an umbrella, he ___ wet.

   • had taken / wouldn't get
   • would have taken / hadn't got
   • took / wouldn't get
   • had taken / wouldn't have got

   Отговор: had taken / wouldn't have got

   И двете части са в миналото, затова е трето условно.

10. Which sentence has the same meaning: 'I'm not rich now because I didn't work hard when I was young'?

    • If I worked hard, I would be rich.
    • If I had worked hard when I was young, I would be rich now.
    • If I had worked hard, I would have been rich then.
    • If I work hard, I will be rich.

    Отговор: If I had worked hard when I was young, I would be rich now.

    Минало условие (had worked) и настоящ резултат (would be now): смесено условно изречение.

wish / if only

1. I can't play the guitar. I wish I ___ play it.

   • could
   • would
   • can
   • will

   Отговор: could

   За способност в настоящето след wish използваме could.

2. ___ only I had more free time!

   • If
   • Wish
   • When
   • Unless

   Отговор: If

   If only е като I wish, но по-емоционално.

3. I wish you ___ here. I miss you!

   • were
   • will be
   • have been
   • are

   Отговор: were

   Wish + Past Simple за настоящето; were е за всички лица.

4. We normally don't use 'I wish I would...' because 'wish + would' is used for ___.

   • our own past actions
   • facts
   • other people's behaviour or things we want to change
   • future plans we are sure of

   Отговор: other people's behaviour or things we want to change

   Wish + would е за чуждо поведение: I wish you would listen.

5. Which sentence expresses a wish about the present?

   • I wish I had lived near the sea.
   • I wish I will live near the sea.
   • I wish I have lived near the sea.
   • I wish I lived near the sea.

   Отговор: I wish I lived near the sea.

   Past Simple след wish = желание за настоящето.

6. It's so cold today. I wish it ___ warmer.

   • will be
   • were
   • has been
   • is

   Отговор: were

   Желание за настоящето: wish + Past Simple (were).

7. I didn't go to the concert. Now I wish I ___.

   • had gone
   • go
   • would go
   • went

   Отговор: had gone

   Съжаление за миналото: wish + Past Perfect.

8. Which 'if only' sentence is about the past?

   • If only I don't eat so much!
   • If only I will eat less!
   • If only I eat less!
   • If only I hadn't eaten so much!

   Отговор: If only I hadn't eaten so much!

   If only + Past Perfect = съжаление за миналото.

9. I wish I ___ that angry email yesterday. It was a mistake.

   • hadn't sent
   • wouldn't send
   • didn't send
   • haven't sent

   Отговор: hadn't sent

   Yesterday показва минало, затова Past Perfect.

10. Which sentence complains about another person's annoying habit?

    • I wish I didn't interrupt you.
    • I wish I could interrupt you.
    • I wish you had interrupted me.
    • I wish you wouldn't interrupt me all the time.

    Отговор: I wish you wouldn't interrupt me all the time.

    Wish + would/wouldn't изразява раздразнение от нечие поведение.

Global issues

1. A huge wave caused by an earthquake under the sea is a ___.

   • tsunami
   • drought
   • flood
   • hurricane

   Отговор: tsunami

   Цунами е огромна вълна, причинена от подводно земетресение.

2. What does the slogan 'reduce, reuse, recycle' encourage?

   • using more plastic
   • buying more things
   • producing less waste
   • throwing things away

   Отговор: producing less waste

   Целта е по-малко отпадъци.

3. Putting old paper, glass and plastic into special bins so they can be made into new things is ___.

   • wasting
   • recycling
   • polluting
   • burning

   Отговор: recycling

   Recycling = рециклиране.

4. A long period of extremely hot weather is a ___.

   • blizzard
   • cold front
   • snowstorm
   • heatwave

   Отговор: heatwave

   Heatwave = гореща вълна.

5. Very small pieces of plastic, less than 5 mm, are called ___.

   • bioplastics
   • microplastics
   • megaplastics
   • nanobots

   Отговор: microplastics

   Микропластмасите замърсяват моретата и попадат в храната.

6. The amount of carbon dioxide produced by a person or an activity is their carbon ___.

   • footprint
   • blueprint
   • fingerprint
   • handprint

   Отговор: footprint

   Carbon footprint = въглероден отпечатък.

7. When fertile land slowly turns into desert, the process is called ___.

   • deforestation
   • irrigation
   • desertification
   • urbanisation

   Отговор: desertification

   Опустиняването се засилва от сушите и изсичането на горите.

8. When a river overflows and covers the land with water, it is a ___.

   • drought
   • wildfire
   • landslide
   • flood

   Отговор: flood

   Flood = наводнение.

9. Which of these is a 'fossil fuel'?

   • wind
   • water power
   • coal
   • sunlight

   Отговор: coal

   Въглищата, нефтът и природният газ са изкопаеми горива.

10. Which international organisation was founded in 1945 to keep world peace?

    • the Olympic Committee
    • the United Nations
    • the European Union
    • NATO

    Отговор: the United Nations

    ООН е създадена през 1945 г., след Втората световна война.

Volunteering

1. Which verb completes the phrase '___ a hand' (to help)?

   • make
   • borrow
   • lend
   • take

   Отговор: lend

   Lend a hand = помагам.

2. A place where homeless animals are looked after is an animal ___.

   • theatre
   • factory
   • office
   • shelter

   Отговор: shelter

   Animal shelter = приют за животни.

3. A person who helps a young person by giving advice and support is a ___.

   • judge
   • customer
   • tourist
   • mentor

   Отговор: mentor

   Mentor е наставник.

4. Which word means 'done without being paid'?

   • professional
   • expensive
   • voluntary
   • compulsory

   Отговор: voluntary

   Voluntary work е доброволен (неплатен) труд; compulsory е задължителен.

5. She volunteers ___ an animal shelter every weekend.

   • at
   • on
   • in
   • to

   Отговор: at

   Volunteer at + място (at a shelter, at a hospital).

6. If you 'give back to the community', you ___.

   • help the people where you live
   • leave your town
   • return a book to the library
   • ask for money

   Отговор: help the people where you live

   Да върнеш нещо на общността, като помагаш.

7. 'To make a difference' means ___.

   • to compare two things
   • to change your clothes
   • to have a positive effect
   • to make a mistake

   Отговор: to have a positive effect

   Доброволците могат да променят нещата към по-добро.

8. Which sentence is correct?

   • She has volunteered at the hospital for two years.
   • She has volunteered at the hospital since two years.
   • She is volunteering at the hospital since two years.
   • She volunteers at the hospital for two years.

   Отговор: She has volunteered at the hospital for two years.

   For + период с Present Perfect за действие, което продължава до сега.

9. Choose the correct sentence: I'd love ___ at the summer camp.

   • volunteering
   • to volunteer
   • to volunteering
   • volunteer

   Отговор: to volunteer

   Would love + to-инфинитив.

10. The money ___ to the children's hospital last week.

    • has donate
    • donated
    • was donated
    • is donating

    Отговор: was donated

    Минало страдателно: was + трето причастие.

Финален въпрос