Глобалният свят

Globalisation

1. The process by which countries become more connected through trade, travel and communication is ___.

   • globalisation
   • isolation
   • urbanisation
   • nationalisation

   Отговор: globalisation

   Globalisation означава засилване на връзките между страните в икономиката, културата и комуникацията.

2. The world seen as one community connected by modern communication is often called a 'global ___'.

   • town
   • house
   • street
   • village

   Отговор: village

   Изразът global village описва света, свързан от медиите и интернет.

3. Goods that a country sells to other countries are called ___.

   • imports
   • loans
   • taxes
   • exports

   Отговор: exports

   Exports е износът, imports е вносът.

4. A company that operates in many countries is a ___ company.

   • domestic
   • multinational
   • local
   • family-run

   Отговор: multinational

   Multinational company има клонове или фабрики в много държави.

5. When the same shops and brands appear in cities all over the world, the cities become more ___.

   • similar
   • isolated
   • ancient
   • rural

   Отговор: similar

   Еднаквите вериги магазини правят градовете по света по-сходни.

6. Buying and selling goods between countries is international ___.

   • travel
   • trade
   • tourism
   • transport

   Отговор: trade

   International trade е международната търговия.

7. Goods that a country buys from other countries are called ___.

   • exports
   • outputs
   • transfers
   • imports

   Отговор: imports

   Imports е внос; exports е износ.

8. Which organisation deals with the rules of trade between nations?

   • the World Health Organization
   • the World Trade Organization
   • UNESCO
   • Interpol

   Отговор: the World Trade Organization

   Световната търговска организация (WTO) урежда правилата на международната търговия.

9. A product made in one country but sold all over the world is a ___ brand.

   • local
   • family
   • global
   • private

   Отговор: global

   Global brand е марка, позната по целия свят.

10. Which of these is often given as a disadvantage of globalisation?

    • Cheaper products for consumers
    • Faster exchange of ideas
    • Local cultures and small businesses may lose out
    • More opportunities to travel

    Отговор: Local cultures and small businesses may lose out

    Критиците смятат, че глобализацията заплашва местните традиции и малкия бизнес.

11. Products labelled 'fair trade' aim to ___.

    • give producers in poorer countries a fair price
    • make goods as cheap as possible
    • stop all international trade
    • sell only local products

    Отговор: give producers in poorer countries a fair price

    Fair trade гарантира справедливо заплащане на производителите.

12. An extra tax that a government puts on imported goods is a ___.

    • tariff
    • salary
    • refund
    • discount

    Отговор: tariff

    Tariff е мито върху внасяни стоки.

13. What does 'outsourcing' mean?

    • Buying goods only from local shops
    • Closing a factory for ever
    • Paying an outside company, often abroad, to do part of the work
    • Selling shares on the stock market

    Отговор: Paying an outside company, often abroad, to do part of the work

    Outsourcing е възлагане на дейност на външна фирма, често в друга страна.

14. The distance food travels from where it is produced to where it is eaten is called food ___.

    • steps
    • routes
    • miles
    • chains

    Отговор: miles

    Food miles показва колко път изминава храната; повече километри означават повече емисии.

15. When workers move production to countries with lower wages, the jobs are moved ___.

    • indoors
    • offshore
    • online
    • upstairs

    Отговор: offshore

    Offshoring: преместване на производство в чужбина, често с по-евтин труд.

Inversion and emphasis

1. Never ___ such a beautiful sunset.

   • I have seen
   • have I seen
   • I saw
   • seen I have

   Отговор: have I seen

   След отрицателно наречие в началото на изречението има инверсия: спомагателен глагол + подлог.

2. Rarely ___ late for school.

   • she is
   • is she
   • she was
   • does she is

   Отговор: is she

   Rarely в началото изисква инверсия: is she.

3. Seldom ___ such a good film.

   • have I seen
   • I have seen
   • I saw
   • seen I have

   Отговор: have I seen

   След отрицателни наречия като seldom се прави инверсия.

4. Not only ___ late, but he also forgot his books.

   • he was
   • he is
   • did he was
   • was he

   Отговор: was he

   Not only в началото изисква инверсия: was he.

5. No sooner had we left ___ it began to rain.

   • when
   • then
   • that
   • than

   Отговор: than

   No sooner ... than: щом ..., и.

6. Little ___ that he was being watched.

   • he knew
   • knew he
   • did he know
   • he did know

   Отговор: did he know

   Little в началото изисква инверсия с did.

7. Hardly ___ arrived when the phone rang.

   • had we
   • we had
   • did we
   • we did

   Отговор: had we

   Hardly ... when с инверсия и Past Perfect: Hardly had we arrived when...

8. Under no circumstances ___ the exam room before the end.

   • students may leave
   • may students leave
   • students leave
   • may leave students

   Отговор: may students leave

   Under no circumstances в началото изисква инверсия: may students leave.

9. So tired ___ that she fell asleep at once.

   • she was
   • was she
   • she is
   • is she

   Отговор: was she

   So + прилагателно в началото налага инверсия.

10. What I need ___ a long holiday.

    • is
    • are
    • be
    • being

    Отговор: is

    В изречение с What ... (cleft sentence) глаголът е в единствено число: What I need is...

11. It was Maria ___ won the competition.

    • which
    • what
    • whom
    • who

    Отговор: who

    В cleft sentence за човек използваме who (или that): It was Maria who won.

12. Choose the correct inversion of 'If you should need help, call me.'

    • Should need you help, call me.
    • You should need help, call me.
    • Need you help, call me.
    • Should you need help, call me.

    Отговор: Should you need help, call me.

    Should you... е инверсия на условно изречение тип 1.

13. Only after the meeting ___ the truth.

    • she learned
    • she did learn
    • learned she
    • did she learn

    Отговор: did she learn

    Only after ... в началото изисква инверсия в главното изречение: did she learn.

14. Choose the correct inversion of: 'If I had known, I would have helped.'

    • Did I know, I would have helped.
    • Have I known, I would have helped.
    • Had I known, I would have helped.
    • Had I know, I would have helped.

    Отговор: Had I known, I would have helped.

    В условно изречение от трети тип If I had known става Had I known.

15. Not until I got home ___ that I had lost my keys.

    • did I realise
    • I realised
    • realised I
    • I did realise

    Отговор: did I realise

    При Not until... инверсията е в главното изречение.

Migration and mobility

1. A person who leaves their own country to live in another one is a/an ___.

   • tourist
   • commuter
   • emigrant
   • inhabitant

   Отговор: emigrant

   Emigrant е човек, който напуска родината си; от гледна точка на новата страна той е immigrant.

2. A person who travels every day from home to work in another town is a/an ___.

   • commuter
   • refugee
   • migrant
   • emigrant

   Отговор: commuter

   Commuter пътува ежедневно до работа и обратно.

3. A person who comes to live permanently in a new country is an ___.

   • intern
   • inmate
   • immigrant
   • inventor

   Отговор: immigrant

   Immigrant е човек, който се заселва в нова държава.

4. Someone who is forced to leave their country because of war or persecution is a/an ___.

   • expat
   • refugee
   • commuter
   • backpacker

   Отговор: refugee

   Refugee (бежанец) е принуден да напусне страната си.

5. A person who lives abroad for work, often temporarily, is informally called an ___.

   • inmate
   • outsider
   • alien
   • expat

   Отговор: expat

   Expat (expatriate) е човек, който живее и работи в чужбина.

6. The official document you need to travel to another country is a ___.

   • ticket
   • receipt
   • menu
   • passport

   Отговор: passport

   Passport е паспортът.

7. The movement of skilled and educated people away from their country is called ___.

   • brainstorm
   • job hunting
   • culture shock
   • brain drain

   Отговор: brain drain

   Brain drain (изтичане на мозъци): заминаване на висококвалифицирани хора в чужбина.

8. Money that migrants send home to their families is called ___.

   • taxes
   • pensions
   • remittances
   • scholarships

   Отговор: remittances

   Remittances са паричните преводи от емигранти към семействата им.

9. An official stamp or document that allows you to enter a country is a ___.

   • vista
   • visa
   • vote
   • voucher

   Отговор: visa

   Visa е виза за влизане или пребиваване.

10. The feeling of confusion when you start living in a very different culture is ___.

    • jet lag
    • stage fright
    • culture shock
    • peer pressure

    Отговор: culture shock

    Culture shock е объркването и стресът при среща с непозната култура.

11. Which is a 'push factor' that makes people leave their country?

    • better salaries abroad
    • unemployment
    • good universities abroad
    • a safe destination

    Отговор: unemployment

    Push factors изтласкват хората от родината (безработица, война); pull factors ги привличат другаде.

12. Which is a 'pull factor' that attracts people to a country?

    • better job opportunities
    • war
    • natural disasters
    • high crime

    Отговор: better job opportunities

    Pull factors са привличащи причини: работа, по-високи заплати.

13. EU citizens can live and work in any EU country. This right is called freedom of ___.

    • movement
    • speech
    • the press
    • religion

    Отговор: movement

    Свободното движение на хора е една от четирите свободи на единния пазар на ЕС.

14. Which sentence uses 'emigrate' correctly?

    • They emigrated from Bulgaria to Canada.
    • They emigrated in Canada from Bulgaria.
    • They emigrated Bulgaria to Canada.
    • They emigrated at Canada.

    Отговор: They emigrated from Bulgaria to Canada.

    Emigrate from (страната, която напускаш) to (новата страна).

15. When people move from villages to cities, this process is called ___.

    • emigration
    • globalisation
    • urbanisation
    • integration

    Отговор: urbanisation

    Urbanisation: нарастване на градското население.

EU and cooperation

1. How many member states has the EU had since 2020?

   • 28
   • 27
   • 25
   • 30

   Отговор: 27

   След излизането на Обединеното кралство през 2020 г. ЕС има 27 държави членки.

2. What is the common currency used in many EU countries?

   • the euro
   • the pound
   • the dollar
   • the franc

   Отговор: the euro

   Еврото е общата валута на еврозоната.

3. What colour is the background of the EU flag?

   • red
   • green
   • blue
   • yellow

   Отговор: blue

   Знамето на ЕС е синьо с 12 златни звезди.

4. In which year did Bulgaria join the European Union?

   • 2004
   • 2007
   • 1995
   • 2013

   Отговор: 2007

   България и Румъния стават членки на ЕС на 1 януари 2007 г.

5. The area in Europe without passport checks at internal borders is the ___ Area.

   • Erasmus
   • Maastricht
   • Lisbon
   • Schengen

   Отговор: Schengen

   Шенгенското пространство премахва граничния контрол между страните членки.

6. How many stars are there on the EU flag?

   • 12
   • 27
   • 15
   • 10

   Отговор: 12

   Звездите са 12 и символизират единство, а не броя на държавите.

7. Where are the main EU institutions, such as the European Commission, based?

   • Geneva
   • Vienna
   • The Hague
   • Brussels

   Отговор: Brussels

   Европейската комисия и Съветът на ЕС са в Брюксел.

8. Which treaty created the European Union in 1992?

   • the Treaty of Rome
   • the Treaty of Versailles
   • the Maastricht Treaty
   • the Treaty of Lisbon

   Отговор: the Maastricht Treaty

   Договорът от Маастрихт е подписан през 1992 г. и създава ЕС.

9. Which country left the EU in 2020?

   • Iceland
   • Norway
   • Switzerland
   • the United Kingdom

   Отговор: the United Kingdom

   Обединеното кралство напусна ЕС на 31 януари 2020 г. (Brexit).

10. What is the official motto of the EU?

    • United in diversity
    • Strength in unity
    • Liberty, equality, fraternity
    • One Europe, one voice

    Отговор: United in diversity

    Девизът на ЕС е United in diversity (Обединен в многообразието).

11. Which international organisation was founded in 1945 to maintain world peace?

    • the European Union
    • the United Nations
    • NATO
    • the Council of Europe

    Отговор: the United Nations

    ООН е основана през 1945 г.; НАТО и Съветът на Европа са от 1949 г.

12. Which day is celebrated as Europe Day in the EU?

    • 1 January
    • 9 May
    • 24 May
    • 3 March

    Отговор: 9 May

    9 май отбелязва Декларацията на Шуман от 1950 г.

13. Which EU programme helps students study for a period at a university in another country?

    • Horizon Europe
    • Schengen
    • Erasmus+
    • Copernicus

    Отговор: Erasmus+

    Erasmus+ финансира обучение и стажове в чужбина; Horizon Europe е за научни изследвания.

14. Which EU institution is directly elected by the citizens of the member states?

    • the European Commission
    • the European Central Bank
    • the Court of Justice
    • the European Parliament

    Отговор: the European Parliament

    Европейският парламент се избира пряко от гражданите на всеки пет години.

15. Which treaty, signed in 1957, created the European Economic Community?

    • the Treaty of Nice
    • the Treaty of Lisbon
    • the Treaty of Rome
    • the Treaty of Versailles

    Отговор: the Treaty of Rome

    Римският договор от 1957 г. създава ЕИО.

Argumentative essay

1. In an argumentative essay, the writer ___.

   • gives no opinion at all
   • only tells a personal story
   • describes a place in detail
   • supports one clear point of view

   Отговор: supports one clear point of view

   В аргументативното есе авторът защитава ясна теза с аргументи.

2. Which is the first part of an argumentative essay?

   • the conclusion
   • a body paragraph
   • the introduction
   • the bibliography

   Отговор: the introduction

   Есето започва с увод, в който се представя тезата.

3. The last paragraph of an essay is the ___.

   • introduction
   • conclusion
   • title
   • heading

   Отговор: conclusion

   Conclusion е заключението.

4. The sentence in the introduction that states the main argument is the ___ statement.

   • topic
   • thesis
   • final
   • opening

   Отговор: thesis

   Thesis statement е изречението с основната теза на есето.

5. Which phrase introduces an example?

   • Nevertheless
   • For instance
   • In conclusion
   • Whereas

   Отговор: For instance

   For instance означава например.

6. Each body paragraph should start with a clear ___ sentence.

   • funny
   • final
   • question
   • topic

   Отговор: topic

   Topic sentence въвежда основната идея на абзаца.

7. Which phrase introduces an opposing view that you will then argue against?

   • Opponents argue that
   • To sum up
   • First of all
   • For example

   Отговор: Opponents argue that

   Opponents argue that въвежда контрааргумент, който после се опровергава.

8. Showing why an opposing argument is wrong is called ___ it.

   • refuting
   • repeating
   • ignoring
   • copying

   Отговор: refuting

   Refute означава опровергавам.

9. Which phrase strengthens your argument?

   • It is clear that
   • I guess
   • Maybe sort of
   • Who knows

   Отговор: It is clear that

   It is clear that звучи уверено и официално.

10. Complete: 'Tourism brings money. ___, it can damage the environment.'

    • As a result
    • For instance
    • On the other hand
    • Similarly

    Отговор: On the other hand

    On the other hand въвежда противоположна страна на въпроса.

11. Which is the strongest evidence to support an argument?

    • A rumour heard at school
    • Statistics from a reliable report
    • A personal guess
    • A comment on an anonymous forum

    Отговор: Statistics from a reliable report

    Данните от надежден източник правят аргумента убедителен.

12. Complete: 'Some claim tourism harms nature. ___, it also funds national parks.'

    • Similarly
    • Likewise
    • Nevertheless
    • Therefore

    Отговор: Nevertheless

    Nevertheless въвежда контрааргумент.

13. Which sentence is the most appropriate ending for an argumentative essay?

    • So yeah, that's what I think.
    • Let me tell you a funny story about my trip.
    • In conclusion, the benefits of international cooperation clearly outweigh the drawbacks.
    • Firstly, globalisation has many sides.

    Отговор: In conclusion, the benefits of international cooperation clearly outweigh the drawbacks.

    Заключението обобщава и потвърждава тезата във формален стил.

14. Which sentence uses cautious (hedging) language typical of academic writing?

    • It seems likely that remote work will become more common.
    • Remote work will definitely replace all offices tomorrow.
    • Everybody knows offices are dead.
    • Remote work is 100% the future.

    Отговор: It seems likely that remote work will become more common.

    It seems likely that смекчава твърдението и звучи академично.

15. A question asked for effect, without expecting an answer, is a ___ question.

    • reported
    • yes/no
    • tag
    • rhetorical

    Отговор: rhetorical

    Риторичният въпрос привлича вниманието, без да чака отговор.

Финален въпрос